What Is a Stereotype

Stereotypes are characteristics imposed upon groups of people because of their race, nationality, and sexual orientation. These characteristics tend to be oversimplifications of the groups involved, and while some people truly do embody the traits of their stereotype, they are not necessarily representative of all people within that group. Stereotypes are not always accurate and even if positive, can be harmful. Did You Know? Stereotypes are often considered to be negative perceptions of certain groups but in reality, stereotypes can also be positive. An example of this is the myth of the model minority that has attached itself broadly to people of Asian descent. Stereotypes Versus Generalizations While all stereotypes are generalizations, not all generalizations are stereotypes. Stereotypes are widely circulated  oversimplifications of a group of people, while generalizations can be based more on personal experience, not a widely-accepted factor. In the United States, certain  racial groups  have been linked to stereotypes such as being good at math, athletics, and dancing. These stereotypes are so well-known that the average American wouldn’t hesitate if asked to identify which racial group in this country has a reputation for excelling in basketball. In short, when one stereotypes, one repeats the cultural mythology already present in a particular society. On the other hand, a person can make a generalization about an ethnic group that hasn’t been perpetuated in society. For example, someone who meets a few individuals from a particular country and finds them to be quiet and reserved may say that all citizens of the country in question are quiet and reserved. A generalization such as this doesn’t allow for diversity within groups and may result in stigmatization and discrimination of groups if the stereotypes linked to them are largely negative. Intersectionality While stereotypes may refer to a specific sex, race, religion, or country, often they link various aspects of identity together. This is known as intersectionality. A stereotype about black gay men, for example, would involve race, gender, and sexual orientation. Although such a stereotype targets a specific segment of African Americans rather than blacks generally, it’s still problematic to insinuate that black gay men are all the same. Too many other factors make up any one persons identity to ascribe a fixed list of characteristics to him. Differing stereotypes can also be present within larger groups, resulting in things like gender-based stereotypes within the same race. Certain stereotypes apply to Asian Americans generally, but when the Asian American population is broken down by sex, one finds that stereotypes of Asian-American men and Asian-American women differ. For example, the women of a racial group may be viewed as attractive and the men in that same racial group may be viewed as the exact opposite. Even stereotypes applied to a racial group become inconsistent when members of that group are broken down by origin. Stereotypes about black Americans differ from those about blacks from the Caribbean or blacks from African nations. Is There Truth in Stereotypes? It’s often said that stereotypes are rooted in truth, but there is much debate over the role that stereotypes play, especially among professionals in fields like social psychology and sociology. In some cases, professionals argue that a stereotype enables us to respond rapidly to situations because we can relate to similar experiences we have had in the past. However,  stereotypes also make us ignore differences between individuals; therefore we think things about people that might not be true (i.e. make generalizations).

Police Enforcement Work And Its Effects On The Members Of...

Introduction Police Officers work is never routine. The diverse work load for officers range for long periods of tediousness too adrenaline-driven, life threatening activities. Decisions stand within each context of work effectiveness. While using discretion, officers entrusted to manage criminal episodes while simultaneously protecting basic citizen liberties. Outlooks for police officers to be all things to all people are mythical and debatably less burdensome compared to other professions. Police work, involves the location where the officer conducts their daily work and constantly assessed by police administrators, public, attorneys, and the media (Senjo, 2011). Amongst the high expectations, officers work for up to 12 hours a shift, which pinpoints sleep deprivation and fatigue as the cause of ineffective job performance for officers. Problem Statement Law enforcement work, a growing concern exists over sleep problems related to shift work and the increased liability law enforcement agencies face. Wellness Units evaluated the impact of shift work on the sworn members of its department. Shift work can have varying effects on the environmental, familial, social, and work life of a police officer. Officers who work the night shift may have multiple court appearances scheduled throughout the day, which leaves little time for sleep, family life or social activity. Law enforcement agencies across the United States face the dilemma of sleep deprived officers working,Show MoreRelatedThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major components within the Criminal Justice System. 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During work, â€Å"discrimination based on sexual orientation must not be tolerated in any form in modern law enforcement. Instead of prejudice and intolerance, police departments and chief executives should embrace a â€Å"Do Ask, Do Tell† attitude toward gays and lesbians (Winchell, 2008)†. They will go out ofRead MoreRacial Profiling : A Survey Of African American Police Officers1536 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesRead the article: Racial Profiling: A Survey of African American Police Officers(Barlow Barlow, 2002). Using concepts from chapters 1-6 as the basis for your analysis, in a narrative format of 750 or more words, summarize: †¨(a) the research problem, †¨(b) the literature review, †¨(c) data-gathering strategy, †¨(d) any hypotheses, †¨(e) the dependent and independent variable in one of the cause-effect relationships tested by the researchers, †¨(f) how the dependent and independent variable were operationalizedRead MoreThe Role Of Occupational Stress And The Stress1294 Words   |  6 Pagespublic perception has determined that police work is one the most stressful professions in the United States. This work will explore the influences of such occupational stress and the stress felt by the officer’s family members. Furthermore, this paper will attempt to address the question if there are significant differences due to gender. In other words, is there a different stress level felt when you are husband or wife of a First Responder. Finally, this work will identify some coping mechanismRead MoreA Unified Accountability System For All Law Enforcement Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesUnified Accountability System for All Law Enforcement Topic: Police Accountability Specific Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of centralized procedures directed by the DOJ, which ensures every law enforcement agency and police officer have the same process for action accountability, and how the procedures will foster lawfulness and legitimacy within the community. I. Introduction A. Accountability in law enforcement is an element that is vital to effective policingRead MorePolice Discretion and Corruption Essay example1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fine Line between Police Discretion and Corruption Abstract In today’s law enforcement agencies there is a fine line between discretion and corruption. Imagine that you are a police officer, you pull over a car that you suspect is driven by someone who has had too much to drink. Upon reaching the window you find that it’s an old friend from school. Do you take him to jail or do you take him home? Police officers have the power to make this decision. In the world of the officer this couldRead MoreCrime Prevention Programs Help Protect And Deter Crime Within Neighborhoods1219 Words   |  5 Pages Crime prevention programs help to prevent and deter crime within neighborhoods by getting the neighbors involved. Neighborhood watches use residents within a neighborhood to look out for suspicious activity/ issues then report them to police before any crime occurs. Using this method potentially deters crime and offenders from committing more crimes. A neighborhood watch can consist of a block watch, community watch, home watch and citi zen alert. Neighborhood crime prevention programs arose becauseRead MorePolice Discretion Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems associated with police use of discretion. Which current policing strategies have the most potential for controlling officer discretion and providing accountability, and which have the least, and why is that the case? And finally, how might these issues impact the various concerns facing law enforcement today? Police behavior is different across all communities. In fact, how police react to combat crime is affected by the management style of the various police administrators. Also, local

Twilight 7. NIGHTMARE Free Essays

string(105) " to my CD player first, picking it up off the floor and placing it precisely in the center of the table\." 7. NIGHTMARE I told Charlie I had a lot of homework to do, and that I didn’t want anything to eat. There was a basketball game on that he was excited about, though of course I had no idea what was special about it, so he wasn’t aware of anything unusual in my face or tone. We will write a custom essay sample on Twilight 7. NIGHTMARE or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once in my room, I locked the door. I dug through my desk until I found my old headphones, and I plugged them into my little CD player. I picked up a CD that Phil had given to me for Christmas. It was one of his favorite bands, but they used a little too much bass and shrieking for my tastes. I popped it into place and lay down on my bed. I put on the headphones, hit Play, and turned up the volume until it hurt my ears. I closed my eyes, but the light still intruded, so I added a pillow over the top half of my face. I concentrated very carefully on the music, trying to understand the lyrics, to unravel the complicated drum patterns. By the third time I’d listened through the CD, I knew all the words to the choruses, at least. I was surprised to find that I really did like the band after all, once I got past the blaring noise. I’d have to thank Phil again. And it worked. The shattering beats made it impossible for me to think – which was the whole purpose of the exercise. I listened to the CD again and again, until I was singing along with all the songs, until, finally, I fell asleep. I opened my eyes to a familiar place. Aware in some corner of my consciousness that I was dreaming, I recognized the green light of the forest. I could hear the waves crashing against the rocks somewhere nearby. And I knew that if I found the ocean, I’d be able to see the sun. I was trying to follow the sound, but then Jacob Black was there, tugging on my hand, pulling me back toward the blackest part of the forest. â€Å"Jacob? What’s wrong?† I asked. His face was frightened as he yanked with all his strength against my resistance; I didn’t want to go into the dark. â€Å"Run, Bella, you have to run!† he whispered, terrified. â€Å"This way, Bella!† I recognized Mike’s voice calling out of the gloomy heart of the trees, but I couldn’t see him. â€Å"Why?† I asked, still pulling against Jacob’s grasp, desperate now to find the sun. But Jacob let go of my hand and yelped, suddenly shaking, falling to the dim forest floor. He twitched on the ground as I watched in horror. â€Å"Jacob!† I screamed. But he was gone. In his place was a large red-brown wolf with black eyes. The wolf faced away from me, pointing toward the shore, the hair on the back of his shoulders bristling, low growls issuing from between his exposed fangs. â€Å"Bella, run!† Mike cried out again from behind me. But I didn’t turn. I was watching a light coming toward me from the beach. And then Edward stepped out from the trees, his skin faintly glowing, his eyes black and dangerous. He held up one hand and beckoned me to come to him. The wolf growled at my feet. I took a step forward, toward Edward. He smiled then, and his teeth were sharp, pointed. â€Å"Trust me,† he purred. I took another step. The wolf launched himself across the space between me and the vampire, fangs aiming for the jugular. â€Å"No!† I screamed, wrenching upright out of my bed. My sudden movement caused the headphones to pull the CD player off the bedside table, and it clattered to the wooden floor. My light was still on, and I was sitting fully dressed on the bed, with my shoes on. I glanced, disoriented, at the clock on my dresser. It was five-thirty in the morning. I groaned, fell back, and rolled over onto my face, kicking off my boots. I was too uncomfortable to get anywhere near sleep, though. I rolled back over and unbuttoned my jeans, yanking them off awkwardly as I tried to stay horizontal. I could feel the braid in my hair, an uncomfortable ridge along the back of my skull. I turned onto my side and ripped the rubber band out, quickly combing through the plaits with my fingers. I pulled the pillow back over my eyes. It was all no use, of course. My subconscious had dredged up exactly the images I’d been trying so desperately to avoid. I was going to have to face them now. I sat up, and my head spun for a minute as the blood flowed downward. First things first, I thought to myself, happy to put it off as long as possible. I grabbed my bathroom bag. The shower didn’t last nearly as long as I hoped it would, though. Even taking the time to blow-dry my hair, I was soon out of things to do in the bathroom. Wrapped in a towel, I crossed back to my room. I couldn’t tell if Charlie was still asleep, or if he had already left. I went to look out my window, and the cruiser was gone. Fishing again. I dressed slowly in my most comfy sweats and then made my bed – something I never did. I couldn’t put it off any longer. I went to my desk and switched on my old computer. I hated using the Internet here. My modem was sadly outdated, my free service substandard; just dialing up took so long that I decided to go get myself a bowl of cereal while I waited. I ate slowly, chewing each bite with care. When I was done, I washed the bowl and spoon, dried them, and put them away. My feet dragged as I climbed the stairs. I went to my CD player first, picking it up off the floor and placing it precisely in the center of the table. You read "Twilight 7. NIGHTMARE" in category "Essay examples" I pulled out the headphones, and put them away in the desk drawer. Then I turned the same CD on, turning it down to the point where it was background noise. With another sigh, I turned to my computer. Naturally, the screen was covered in pop-up ads. I sat in my hard folding chair and began closing all the little windows. Eventually I made it to my favorite search engine. I shot down a few more pop-ups and then typed in one word. Vampire. It took an infuriatingly long time, of course. When the results came up, there was a lot to sift through – everything from movies and TV shows to role-playing games, underground metal, and gothic cosmetic companies. Then I found a promising site – Vampires A-Z. I waited impatiently for it to load, quickly clicking closed each ad that flashed across the screen. Finally the screen was finished – simple white background with black text, academic-looking. Two quotes greeted me on the home page: Throughout the vast shadowy world of ghosts and demons there is no figure so terrible, no figure so dreaded and abhorred, yet dight with such fearful fascination, as the vampire, who is himself neither ghost nor demon, but yet who partakes the dark natures and possesses the mysterious and terrible qualities of both. – Rev. Montague Summers If there is in this world a well-attested account, it is that of the vampires. Nothing is lacking: official reports, affidavits of well-known people, of surgeons, of priests, of magistrates; the judicial proof is most complete. And with all that, who is there who believes in vampires? – Rousseau The rest of the site was an alphabetized listing of all the different myths of vampires held throughout the world. The first I clicked on, the Danag, was a Filipino vampire supposedly responsible for planting taro on the islands long ago. The myth continued that the Danag worked with humans for many years, but the partnership ended one day when a woman cut her finger and a Danag sucked her wound, enjoying the taste so much that it drained her body completely of blood. I read carefully through the descriptions, looking for anything that sounded familiar, let alone plausible. It seemed that most vampire myths centered around beautiful women as demons and children as victims; they also seemed like constructs created to explain away the high mortality rates for young children, and to give men an excuse for infidelity. Many of the stories involved bodiless spirits and warnings against improper burials. There wasn’t much that sounded like the movies I’d seen, and only a very few, like the Hebrew Estrie and the Polish Upier, who were even preoccupied with drinking blood. Only three entries really caught my attention: the Romanian Varacolaci, a powerful undead being who could appear as a beautiful, pale-skinned human, the Slovak Nelapsi, a creature so strong and fast it could massacre an entire village in the single hour after midnight, and one other, the Stregoni benefici. About this last there was only one brief sentence. Stregoni benefici: An Italian vampire, said to be on the side of goodness, and a mortal enemy of all evil vampires. It was a relief, that one small entry, the one myth among hundreds that claimed the existence of good vampires. Overall, though, there was little that coincided with Jacob’s stories or my own observations. I’d made a little catalogue in my mind as I’d read and carefully compared it with each myth. Speed, strength, beauty, pale skin, eyes that shift color; and then Jacob’s criteria: blood drinkers, enemies of the werewolf, cold-skinned, and immortal. There were very few myths that matched even one factor. And then another problem, one that I’d remembered from the small number of scary movies that I’d seen and was backed up by today’s reading – vampires couldn’t come out in the daytime, the sun would burn them to a cinder. They slept in coffins all day and came out only at night. Aggravated, I snapped off the computer’s main power switch, not waiting to shut things down properly. Through my irritation, I felt overwhelming embarrassment. It was all so stupid. I was sitting in my room, researching vampires. What was wrong with me? I decided that most of the blame belonged on the doorstep of the town of Forks – and the entire sodden Olympic Peninsula, for that matter. I had to get out of the house, but there was nowhere I wanted to go that didn’t involve a three-day drive. I pulled on my boots anyway, unclear where I was headed, and went downstairs. I shrugged into my raincoat without checking the weather and stomped out the door. It was overcast, but not raining yet. I ignored my truck and started east on foot, angling across Charlie’s yard toward the ever-encroaching forest. It didn’t take long till I was deep enough for the house and the road to be invisible, for the only sound to be the squish of the damp earth under my feet and the sudden cries of the jays. There was a thin ribbon of a trail that led through the forest here, or I wouldn’t risk wandering on my own like this. My sense of direction was hopeless; I could get lost in much less helpful surroundings. The trail wound deeper and deeper into the forest, mostly east as far as I could tell. It snaked around the Sitka spruces and the hemlocks, the yews and the maples. I only vaguely knew the names of the trees around me, and all I knew was due to Charlie pointing them out to me from the cruiser window in earlier days. There were many I didn’t know, and others I couldn’t be sure about because they were so covered in green parasites. I followed the trail as long as my anger at myself pushed me forward. As that started to ebb, I slowed. A few drops of moisture trickled down from the canopy above me, but I couldn’t be certain if it was beginning to rain or if it was simply pools left over from yesterday, held high in the leaves above me, slowly dripping their way back to the earth. A recently fallen tree – I knew it was recent because it wasn’t entirely carpeted in moss – rested against the trunk of one of her sisters, creating a sheltered little bench just a few safe feet off the trail. I stepped over the ferns and sat carefully, making sure my jacket was between the damp seat and my clothes wherever they touched, and leaned my hooded head back against the living tree. This was the wrong place to have come. I should have known, but where else was there to go? The forest was deep green and far too much like the scene in last night’s dream to allow for peace of mind. Now that there was no longer the sound of my soggy footsteps, the silence was piercing. The birds were quiet, too, the drops increasing in frequency, so it must be raining above. The ferns stood higher than my head, now that I was seated, and I knew someone could walk by on the path, three feet away, and not see me. Here in the trees it was much easier to believe the absurdities that embarrassed me indoors. Nothing had changed in this forest for thousands of years, and all the myths and legends of a hundred different lands seemed much more likely in this green haze than they had in my clear-cut bedroom. I forced myself to focus on the two most vital questions I had to answer, but I did so unwillingly. First, I had to decide if it was possible that what Jacob had said about the Cullens could be true. Immediately my mind responded with a resounding negative. It was silly and morbid to entertain such ridiculous notions. But what, then? I asked myself. There was no rational explanation for how I was alive at this moment. I listed again in my head the things I’d observed myself: the impossible speed and strength, the eye color shifting from black to gold and back again, the inhuman beauty, the pale, frigid skin. And more – small things that registered slowly – how they never seemed to eat, the disturbing grace with which they moved. And the way be sometimes spoke, with unfamiliar cadences and phrases that better fit the style of a turn-of-the-century novel than that of a twenty-first-century classroom. He had skipped class the day we’d done blood typing. He hadn’t said no to the beach trip till he heard where we were going. He seemed to know what everyone around him was thinking†¦ except me. He had told me he was the villain, dangerous†¦ Could the Cullens be vampires? Well, they were something. Something outside the possibility of rational justification was taking place in front of my incredulous eyes. Whether it be Jacob’s cold ones or my own superhero theory, Edward Cullen was not†¦ human. He was something more. So then – maybe. That would have to be my answer for now. And then the most important question of all. What was I going to do if it was true? If Edward was a vampire – I could hardly make myself think the words – then what should I do? Involving someone else was definitely out. I couldn’t even believe myself; anyone I told would have me committed. Only two options seemed practical. The first was to take his advice: to be smart, to avoid him as much as possible. To cancel our plans, to go back to ignoring him as far as I was able. To pretend there was an impenetrably thick glass wall between us in the one class where we were forced together. To tell him to leave me alone – and mean it this time. I was gripped in a sudden agony of despair as I considered that alternative. My mind rejected the pain, quickly skipping on to the next option. I could do nothing different. After all, if he was something†¦ sinister, he’d done nothing to hurt me so far. In fact, I would be a dent in Tyler’s fender if he hadn’t acted so quickly. So quickly, I argued with myself, that it might have been sheer reflexes. But if it was a reflex to save lives, how bad could he be? I retorted. My head spun around in answerless circles. There was one thing I was sure of, if I was sure of anything. The dark Edward in my dream last night was a reflection only of my fear of the word Jacob had spoken, and not Edward himself. Even so, when I’d screamed out in terror at the werewolf’s lunge, it wasn’t fear for the wolf that brought the cry of â€Å"no† to my lips. It was fear that he would be harmed – even as he called to me with sharp-edged fangs, I feared for him. And I knew in that I had my answer. I didn’t know if there ever was a choice, really. I was already in too deep. Now that I knew – if I knew – I could do nothing about my frightening secret. Because when I thought of him, of his voice, his hypnotic eyes, the magnetic force of his personality, I wanted nothing more than to be with him right now. Even if†¦ but I couldn’t think it. Not here, alone in the darkening forest. Not while the rain made it dim as twilight under the canopy and pattered like footsteps across the matted earthen floor. I shivered and rose quickly from my place of concealment, worried that somehow the path would have disappeared with the rain. But it was there, safe and clear, winding its way out of the dripping green maze. I followed it hastily, my hood pulled close around my face, becoming surprised, as I nearly ran through the trees, at how far I had come. I started to wonder if I was heading out at all, or following the path farther into the confines of the forest. Before I could get too panicky, though, I began to glimpse some open spaces through the webbed branches. And then I could hear a car passing on the street, and I was free, Charlie’s lawn stretched out in front of me, the house beckoning me, promising warmth and dry socks. It was just noon when I got back inside. I went upstairs and got dressed for the day, jeans and a t-shirt, since I was staying indoors. It didn’t take too much effort to concentrate on my task for the day, a paper on Macbeth that was due Wednesday. I settled into outlining a rough draft contentedly, more serene than I’d felt since†¦ well, since Thursday afternoon, if I was being honest. That had always been my way, though. Making decisions was the painful part for me, the part I agonized over. But once the decision was made, I simply followed through – usually with relief that the choice was made. Sometimes the relief was tainted by despair, like my decision to come to Forks. But it was still better than wrestling with the alternatives. This decision was ridiculously easy to live with. Dangerously easy. And so the day was quiet, productive – I finished my paper before eight. Charlie came home with a large catch, and I made a mental note to pick up a book of recipes for fish while I was in Seattle next week. The chills that flashed up my spine whenever I thought of that trip were no different than the ones I’d felt before I’d taken my walk with Jacob Black. They should be different, I thought. I should be afraid – I knew I should be, but I couldn’t feel the right kind of fear. I slept dreamlessly that night, exhausted from beginning my day so early, and sleeping so poorly the night before. I woke, for the second time since arriving in Forks, to the bright yellow light of a sunny day. I skipped to the window, stunned to see that there was hardly a cloud in the sky, and those there were just fleecy little white puffs that couldn’t possibly be carrying any rain. I opened the window – surprised when it opened silently, without sticking, not having opened it in who knows how many years – and sucked in the relatively dry air. It was nearly warm and hardly windy at all. My blood was electric in my veins. Charlie was finishing breakfast when I came downstairs, and he picked up on my mood immediately. â€Å"Nice day out,† he commented. â€Å"Yes,† I agreed with a grin. He smiled back, his brown eyes crinkling around the edges. When Charlie smiled, it was easier to see why he and my mother had jumped too quickly into an early marriage. Most of the young romantic he’d been in those days had faded before I’d known him, as the curly brown hair – the same color, if not the same texture, as mine – had dwindled, slowly revealing more and more of the shiny skin of his forehead. But when he smiled I could see a little of the man who had run away with Ren? ¦e when she was just two years older than I was now. I ate breakfast cheerily, watching the dust moats stirring in the sunlight that streamed in the back window. Charlie called out a goodbye, and I heard the cruiser pull away from the house. I hesitated on my way out the door, hand on my rain jacket. It would be tempting fate to leave it home. With a sigh, I folded it over my arm and stepped out into the brightest light I’d seen in months. By dint of much elbow grease, I was able to get both windows in the truck almost completely rolled down. I was one of the first ones to school; I hadn’t even checked the clock in my hurry to get outside. I parked and headed toward the seldom-used picnic benches on the south side of the cafeteria. The benches were still a little damp, so I sat on my jacket, glad to have a use for it. My homework was done – the product of a slow social life – but there were a few Trig problems I wasn’t sure I had right. I took out my book industriously, but halfway through rechecking the first problem I was daydreaming, watching the sunlight play on the red-barked trees. I sketched inattentively along the margins of my homework. After a few minutes, I suddenly realized I’d drawn five pairs of dark eyes staring out of the page at me. I scrubbed them out with the eraser. â€Å"Bella!† I heard someone call, and it sounded like Mike. I looked around to realize that the school had become populated while I’d been sitting there, absentminded. Everyone was in t-shirts, some even in shorts though the temperature couldn’t be over sixty. Mike was coming toward me in khaki shorts and a striped Rugby shirt, waving. â€Å"Hey, Mike,† I called, waving back, unable to be halfhearted on a morning like this. He came to sit by me, the tidy spikes of his hair shining golden in the light, his grin stretching across his face. He was so delighted to see me, I couldn’t help but feel gratified. â€Å"I never noticed before – your hair has red in it,† he commented, catching between his fingers a strand that was fluttering in the light breeze. â€Å"Only in the sun.† I became just a little uncomfortable as he tucked the lock behind my ear. â€Å"Great day, isn’t it?† â€Å"My kind of day,† I agreed. â€Å"What did you do yesterday?† His tone was just a bit too proprietary. â€Å"I mostly worked on my essay.† I didn’t add that I was finished with it – no need to sound smug. He hit his forehead with the heel of his hand. â€Å"Oh yeah – that’s due Thursday, right?† â€Å"Um, Wednesday, I think.† â€Å"Wednesday?† He frowned. â€Å"That’s not good†¦ What are you writing yours on?† â€Å"Whether Shakespeare’s treatment of the female characters is misogynistic.† He stared at me like I’d just spoken in pig Latin. â€Å"I guess I’ll have to get to work on that tonight,† he said, deflated. â€Å"I was going to ask if you wanted to go out.† â€Å"Oh.† I was taken off guard. Why couldn’t I ever have a pleasant conversation with Mike anymore without it getting awkward? â€Å"Well, we could go to dinner or something†¦ and I could work on it later.† He smiled at me hopefully. â€Å"Mike†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I hated being put on the spot. â€Å"I don’t think that would be the best idea.† His face fell. â€Å"Why?† he asked, his eyes guarded. My thoughts flickered to Edward, wondering if that’s where his thoughts were as well. â€Å"I think†¦ and if you ever repeat what I’m saying right now I will cheerfully beat you to death,† I threatened, â€Å"but I think that would hurt Jessica’s feelings.† He was bewildered, obviously not thinking in that direction at all. â€Å"Jessica?† â€Å"Really, Mike, are you blind?† â€Å"Oh,† he exhaled – clearly dazed. I took advantage of that to make my escape. â€Å"It’s time for class, and I can’t be late again.† I gathered my books up and stuffed them in my bag. We walked in silence to building three, and his expression was distracted. I hoped whatever thoughts he was immersed in were leading him in the right direction. When I saw Jessica in Trig, she was bubbling with enthusiasm. She, Angela, and Lauren were going to Port Angeles tonight to go dress shopping for the dance, and she wanted me to come, too, even though I didn’t need one. I was indecisive. It would be nice to get out of town with some girlfriends, but Lauren would be there. And who knew what I could be doing tonight†¦ But that was definitely the wrong path to let my mind wander down. Of course I was happy about the sunlight. But that wasn’t completely responsible for the euphoric mood I was in, not even close. So I gave her a maybe, telling her I’d have to talk with Charlie first. She talked of nothing but the dance on the way to Spanish, continuing as if without an interruption when class finally ended, five minutes late, and we were on our way to lunch. I was far too lost in my own frenzy of anticipation to notice much of what she said. I was painfully eager to see not just him but all the Cullens – to compare them with the new suspicions that plagued my mind. As I crossed the threshold of the cafeteria, I felt the first true tingle of fear slither down my spine and settle in my stomach. Would they be able to know what I was thinking? And then a different feeling jolted through me – would Edward be waiting to sit with me again? As was my routine, I glanced first toward the Cullens’ table. A shiver of panic trembled in my stomach as I realized it was empty. With dwindling hope, my eyes scoured the rest of the cafeteria, hoping to find him alone, waiting for me. The place was nearly filled – Spanish had made us late – but there was no sign of Edward or any of his family. Desolation hit me with crippling strength. I shambled along behind Jessica, not bothering to pretend to listen anymore. We were late enough that everyone was already at our table. I avoided the empty chair next to Mike in favor of one by Angela. I vaguely noticed that Mike held the chair out politely for Jessica, and that her face lit up in response. Angela asked a few quiet questions about the Macbeth paper, which I answered as naturally as I could while spiraling downward in misery. She, too, invited me to go with them tonight, and I agreed now, grasping at anything to distract myself. I realized I’d been holding on to a last shred of hope when I entered Biology, saw his empty seat, and felt a new wave of disappointment. The rest of the day passed slowly, dismally. In Gym, we had a lecture on the rules of badminton, the next torture they had lined up for me. But at least it meant I got to sit and listen instead of stumbling around on the court. The best part was the coach didn’t finish, so I got another day off tomorrow. Never mind that the day after they would arm me with a racket before unleashing me on the rest of the class. I was glad to leave campus, so I would be free to pout and mope before I went out tonight with Jessica and company. But right after I walked in the door of Charlie’s house, Jessica called to cancel our plans. I tried to be happy that Mike had asked her out to dinner – I really was relieved that he finally seemed to be catching on – but my enthusiasm sounded false in my own ears. She rescheduled our shopping trip for tomorrow night. Which left me with little in the way of distractions. I had fish marinating for dinner, with a salad and bread left over from the night before, so there was nothing to do there. I spent a focused half hour on homework, but then I was through with that, too. I checked my e-mail, reading the backlog of letters from my mother, getting snippier as they progressed to the present. I sighed and typed a quick response. Mom, Sorry. I’ve been out. I went to the beach with some friends. And I had to write a paper. My excuses were fairly pathetic, so I gave up on that. It’s sunny outside today – I know, I’m shocked, too – so I’m going to go outside and soak up as much vitamin D as I can. I love you, Bella. I decided to kill an hour with non-school-related reading. I had a small collection of books that came with me to Forks, the shabbiest volume being a compilation of the works of Jane Austen. I selected that one and headed to the backyard, grabbing a ragged old quilt from the linen cupboard at the top of the stairs on my way down. Outside in Charlie’s small, square yard, I folded the quilt in half and laid it out of the reach of the trees’ shadows on the thick lawn that would always be slightly wet, no matter how long the sun shone. I lay on my stomach, crossing my ankles in the air, flipping through the different novels in the book, trying to decide which would occupy my mind the most thoroughly. My favorites were Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility. I’d read the first most recently, so I started into Sense and Sensibility, only to remember after I began three that the hero of the story happened to be named Edward. Angrily, I turned to Mansfield Park, but the hero of that piece was named Edmund, and that was just too close. Weren’t there any other names available in the late eighteenth century? I snapped the book shut, annoyed, and rolled over onto my back. I pushed my sleeves up as high as they would go, and closed my eyes. I would think of nothing but the warmth on my s kin, I told myself severely. The breeze was still light, but it blew tendrils of my hair around my face, and that tickled a bit. I pulled all my hair over my head, letting it fan out on the quilt above me, and focused again on the heat that touched my eyelids, my cheekbones, my nose, my lips, my forearms, my neck, soaked through my light shirt†¦ The next thing I was conscious of was the sound of Charlie’s cruiser turning onto the bricks of the driveway. I sat up in surprise, realizing the light was gone, behind the trees, and I had fallen asleep. I looked around, muddled, with the sudden feeling that I wasn’t alone. â€Å"Charlie?† I asked. But I could hear his door slamming in front of the house. I jumped up, foolishly edgy, gathering the now-damp quilt and my book. I ran inside to get some oil heating on the stove, realizing that dinner would be late. Charlie was hanging up his gun belt and stepping out of his boots when I came in. â€Å"Sorry, Dad, dinner’s not ready yet – I fell asleep outside.† I stifled a yawn. â€Å"Don’t worry about it,† he said. â€Å"I wanted to catch the score on the game, anyway.† I watched TV with Charlie after dinner, for something to do. There wasn’t anything on I wanted to watch, but he knew I didn’t like baseball, so he turned it to some mindless sitcom that neither of us enjoyed. He seemed happy, though, to be doing something together. And it felt good, despite my depression, to make him happy. â€Å"Dad,† I said during a commercial, â€Å"Jessica and Angela are going to look at dresses for the dance tomorrow night in Port Angeles, and they wanted me to help them choose†¦ do you mind if I go with them?† â€Å"Jessica Stanley?† he asked. â€Å"And Angela Weber.† I sighed as I gave him the details. He was confused. â€Å"But you’re not going to the dance, right?† â€Å"No, Dad, but I’m helping them find dresses – you know, giving them constructive criticism.† I wouldn’t have to explain this to a woman. â€Å"Well, okay.† He seemed to realize that he was out of his depth with the girlie stuff. â€Å"It’s a school night, though.† â€Å"We’ll leave right after school, so we can get back early. You’ll be okay for dinner, right?† â€Å"Bells, I fed myself for seventeen years before you got here,† he reminded me. â€Å"I don’t know how you survived,† I muttered, then added more clearly, â€Å"I’ll leave some things for cold-cut sandwiches in the fridge, okay? Right on top.† It was sunny again in the morning. I awakened with renewed hope that I grimly tried to suppress. I dressed for the warmer weather in a deep blue V-neck blouse – something I’d worn in the dead of winter in Phoenix. I had planned my arrival at school so that I barely had time to make it to class. With a sinking heart, I circled the full lot looking for a space, while also searching for the silver Volvo that was clearly not there. I parked in the last row and hurried to English, arriving breathless, but subdued, before the final bell. It was the same as yesterday – I just couldn’t keep little sprouts of hope from budding in my mind, only to have them squashed painfully as I searched the lunchroom in vain and sat at my empty Biology table. The Port Angeles scheme was back on again for tonight and made all the more attractive by the fact that Lauren had other obligations. I was anxious to get out of town so I could stop glancing over my shoulder, hoping to see him appearing out of the blue the way he always did. I vowed to myself that I would be in a good mood tonight and not ruin Angela’s or Jessica’s enjoyment in the dress hunting. Maybe I could do a little clothes shopping as well. I refused to think that I might be shopping alone in Seattle this weekend, no longer interested in the earlier arrangement. Surely he wouldn’t cancel without at least telling me. After school, Jessica followed me home in her old white Mercury so that I could ditch my books and truck. I brushed through my hair quickly when I was inside, feeling a slight lift of excitement as I contemplated getting out of Forks. I left a note for Charlie on the table, explaining again where to find dinner, switched my scruffy wallet from my school bag to a purse I rarely used, and ran out to join Jessica. We went to Angela’s house next, and she was waiting for us. My excitement increased exponentially as we actually drove out of the town limits. How to cite Twilight 7. NIGHTMARE, Essay examples

Performing Arts and Culture Essay Example For Students

Performing Arts and Culture Essay There is also a specialized form of fine art in which the artists perform their work vive to an audience. This is called performance art. Most performance art also involves some form Of plastic art, perhaps in the creation Of props. Dance was often referred to as plastic art during the Modern dance era. Theatre Theatre is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle?indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style of plays, theatre takes such forms as plays, musicals, opera, ballet, illusion, mime, classical Indian dance, abuse, mummers plays, improvisational theatre, stand-up comedy, pantomime, and non-conventional or roadhouse theatre. A scene from The Unalterable ballet (Watch). Dance Prom Old French dandier, perhaps from Pranks generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. Dance is also used to describe methods Of non-verbal communication or body language between humans or animals (bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate Objects (the leaves danced in the Wind), and certain music genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement(such as folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating, and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines while martial arts Kate are often compared to dances. History of Western Performing Arts I Starting in the 6th century BC, the Classical period of performing art began in Greece, ushered in by the l I tragic poets such s Sophocles. These poets wrote plays which, in some cases, incorporated dance Sophocles, as depicted in the Norriss I(see Euripides). The Hellenic period began the widespread use Of comedy. Abominable. I However by the 6th century AD, Western performing arts had been largely ended, as the Dark Ages began. I I Between the 9th century and 14th century, performing art in the West was limited to religious historical I I lineaments and morality plays, organized by the Church in celebration of holy days and other important I elevens. Renaissance Len the 15th century performing arts, along with the arts in general, saw a evil as the Renaissance I I began in Italy and spread throughout Europe plays, some of which incorporated dance were performed I land Domenici dad Pizzazz was credited with the first use of the term ball (in De Rate Saltine et I comedic delegate show, dated 1657. Louvre) I I Choreas Deduced) instead of Danna (dance) for his ballets or Bali. The term eventually became Ballet. I I The first Ballet per SE is thought to be Blathers De Beaujolais Ballet Cornice De Ia Urine (1581). Byte mid-16th century comedic delegate became popular in Europe, introducing the use I loft improvisation. This period also introduced the Elizabethan masque, featuring music, dance and I elaborate cos tumes as well as professional theatrical companies in England. William Shakespearean plays I line the late 16th century developed from this new class of professional performance. I I In 1597, the first opera, Deafen was performed and throughout the 17th century, opera would rapidly becomes the entertainment of choice for the aristocracy in most of Europe, and eventually for large numbers of I living in cities and towns throughout Europe. Modern era (Modern world) I people I The introduction of the proscenium arch in Italy during the 17th century established the traditional Isadora Duncan, one of the developers of free I I theater form that persists to this day. Meanwhile, in England, the Puritans forbid acting, bringing I dance. A halt to performing arts that lasted until 1660. After then, women began to appear in I I both French and English plays. The French introduced a formal dance instruction in the late 17th I century. I It is also during this time that the first plays were performed in the American Colonies. I During the 18th century the introduction Of the popular opera buff brought opera to the masses as I Ian accessible form of performance. Mozart Th e Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni are landmarks FL opera. The late 18th century I Tat the turn of the 19th century Beethoven and the Romantic movement ushered in a new era that lead I I first to the spectacles of grand opera and then to the musical dramas of Giuseppe Verdi and Lethe Counterarguments (total work tot art) of the operas of Richard Wagner leading directly to the I music of the 20th I I The 19th century was a period of growth for the performing arts for all social classes, technical I I advances such as the introduction of gaslight to theatres, burlesque, minstrel dancing, and variety I I leather. In ballet, women make great progress in the previously male-dominated art. I I Modern dance began in the late 19th century and early 20th century in response to the restrictions Of traditional ballet. I I Constantine Statisticians System revolutionized acting in the early 20th century, and continues to have a major influence on actors Of Stage and I Screen to the current day. Both impressionism and modern realism were introduced to the Stage during this period. The arrival of Sergei Dishabilles Ballets Reuses (1309-1929) revolutionized ballet and the performing arts generally throughout the Western world, I most importantly through Dishabilles emphasis on collaboration, which brought choreographers, dancers, set designers/ artists, composers and I musicians together to revivalist and revolutionist ballet. I I With the invention of the motion picture in the late 19th century by Thomas Edison, and the growth of the motion picture industry in Hollywood in Ethel I early 20th century, film became a dominant performance medium throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. AP Physics Atwood Machine Lab EssayThe rods attached I at the necks to facilitate the use of multiple heads with one body. When the heads were not being used, I I they were stored in a muslin book or fabric lined box. The heads were always removed at night. This was I keeping with the old superstition that if left intact, the puppets would come to life at night, Some I I puppeteers went so tar as to store the heads in one book and the bodies in another, to tether reduce I I the possibility of reanimating puppets. Shadow puppetry is said to have reached its highest point of I I artistic development in the 11th century before becoming a tool of the government. I c. Sung Dynasty, there were many popular plays involving acrobatics and music. I I These developed in the Yuan Dynasty into a more sophisticated form with a four or five act structure. Yuan drama spread across China and diversified into numerous regional forms, the best known of which is I Beijing Opera, Which is still popular today. Thailand In Thailand, it has been a tradition from the Middle Ages to stage plays based on plots [pick Drawn from Indian epics. In particular, the theatrical version of Thailand national I I epic Ramekin, a version of the Indian Ramadan, remains popular in Thailand even today. I I Ramekin Glory f Ram is Thailand national epic, derived from I I the Hindu epic Ramadan, The word is derived from Sanskrit word Ramadan (Ram + Khan) where Khan means a long story or epic, Cambodia Len Cambodia, at the ancient capital Angora Watt, stories from the Indian epics Ramadan and I Epic] I Inhabitant have been carved on the walls of temples and palaces. Similar reliefs are found I Japan lat Bourbon in Indonesia. I Theatre form is the superb Japanese dramatic art representation, and maybe also the one that [pick Gathers the most aspects Of it. Kabuki is hard to categorize because it shares both opera and I (pick Ballet elements. Figurative or literal translation of Kabuki could be dance and singing I Kabuki I Discipline. I AS an interesting fact, it can be outlined that Kabuki nowadays is only represented by male locators, female parts of a play are also played by men dressed as women, but this has not always I Been the same: from the beginnings of kabuki until 1629, there were actresses, women in plays, In I latish date women were banned from appearing in kabuki theater once the government discovered that of them were working as prostitutes outside the stage; the government was many afraid that the I I actresses incited public moral decadence, but later on, some young actors were brought into this I I I kind of activities. I I Nowadays there are special representations where women are allowed to take part in a kabuki play. Actors that play female parts are called onstage. I Male I I On the other hand, Non theater has religious origins. Nobility in those days required esoteric I I poetry. Refined language and movement simplicity without losing glamour I Non Around 1338 Non theater became from being a popular amusement into a complex form of drama. I It is difficult to describe a Non theater play, but there are some translations. Shaggy I I Yashmaks, Hostilitys grandson, who became Shogun in 1449, benefit art in general, Non theater I I bet »even them. Non representation had been transformed by the previous shogun Shaggy into a I I refined and slender amusement, came from popular singing and dancing representations in Hein eagle I I or even before that. I I Presented in a simple stage oviduct any special scenery, play used to be, as it is today, a I I historic romance in which drum music and dance with flutes, beautiful dresses, poetic dialogs and I symbolic pantomime were combined. I Bunker is the traditional puppet theater. Without exception, each play is presented with I puppets manipulated by handy dressed in black artists, even their faces are covered with a I [pick I Semi-transparent black veil. Apparently puppets were already famous in Japan since the XVII Bunker I I century, when traveling actors coming from China and Korea wandered across the country With half I religious representations. Nevertheless, what is now known as bunker, wasnt formed until XVI I land XVII centuries, when narrators joined actors and samisen (a kind of banjo) accompanying. I I Abundant, despite what it can appear, its more likely an adult theater for the kind of plot it SSL I I built on, talks about very deep subjects as in William Shakespeare play: love, rejection, revenge, sacrifice, reincarnation, etc. I I Three artists give life to each puppet, this requires lots of coordination and audience must not sense the artist most of the time. I I The approximate size of a puppet sis third part off human. Narrators are called giddy and I I Lethe play a very important role, gesticulate, moan and sob in the left side Of the stage to give I Life to the plays representation. Philippine Performing Arts Philippine Theatre Arts I Theatre comes from a Greek word theatres and it is a branch of performing arts that deals with l lactating, singing and dancing on stage to present a story dramatically.

Performing Arts and Culture Essay Example For Students

Performing Arts and Culture Essay There is also a specialized form of fine art in which the artists perform their work vive to an audience. This is called performance art. Most performance art also involves some form Of plastic art, perhaps in the creation Of props. Dance was often referred to as plastic art during the Modern dance era. Theatre Theatre is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle?indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style of plays, theatre takes such forms as plays, musicals, opera, ballet, illusion, mime, classical Indian dance, abuse, mummers plays, improvisational theatre, stand-up comedy, pantomime, and non-conventional or roadhouse theatre. A scene from The Unalterable ballet (Watch). Dance Prom Old French dandier, perhaps from Pranks generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. Dance is also used to describe methods Of non-verbal communication or body language between humans or animals (bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate Objects (the leaves danced in the Wind), and certain music genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement(such as folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating, and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines while martial arts Kate are often compared to dances. History of Western Performing Arts I Starting in the 6th century BC, the Classical period of performing art began in Greece, ushered in by the l I tragic poets such s Sophocles. These poets wrote plays which, in some cases, incorporated dance Sophocles, as depicted in the Norriss I(see Euripides). The Hellenic period began the widespread use Of comedy. Abominable. I However by the 6th century AD, Western performing arts had been largely ended, as the Dark Ages began. I I Between the 9th century and 14th century, performing art in the West was limited to religious historical I I lineaments and morality plays, organized by the Church in celebration of holy days and other important I elevens. Renaissance Len the 15th century performing arts, along with the arts in general, saw a evil as the Renaissance I I began in Italy and spread throughout Europe plays, some of which incorporated dance were performed I land Domenici dad Pizzazz was credited with the first use of the term ball (in De Rate Saltine et I comedic delegate show, dated 1657. Louvre) I I Choreas Deduced) instead of Danna (dance) for his ballets or Bali. The term eventually became Ballet. I I The first Ballet per SE is thought to be Blathers De Beaujolais Ballet Cornice De Ia Urine (1581). Byte mid-16th century comedic delegate became popular in Europe, introducing the use I loft improvisation. This period also introduced the Elizabethan masque, featuring music, dance and I elaborate cos tumes as well as professional theatrical companies in England. William Shakespearean plays I line the late 16th century developed from this new class of professional performance. I I In 1597, the first opera, Deafen was performed and throughout the 17th century, opera would rapidly becomes the entertainment of choice for the aristocracy in most of Europe, and eventually for large numbers of I living in cities and towns throughout Europe. Modern era (Modern world) I people I The introduction of the proscenium arch in Italy during the 17th century established the traditional Isadora Duncan, one of the developers of free I I theater form that persists to this day. Meanwhile, in England, the Puritans forbid acting, bringing I dance. A halt to performing arts that lasted until 1660. After then, women began to appear in I I both French and English plays. The French introduced a formal dance instruction in the late 17th I century. I It is also during this time that the first plays were performed in the American Colonies. I During the 18th century the introduction Of the popular opera buff brought opera to the masses as I Ian accessible form of performance. Mozart Th e Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni are landmarks FL opera. The late 18th century I Tat the turn of the 19th century Beethoven and the Romantic movement ushered in a new era that lead I I first to the spectacles of grand opera and then to the musical dramas of Giuseppe Verdi and Lethe Counterarguments (total work tot art) of the operas of Richard Wagner leading directly to the I music of the 20th I I The 19th century was a period of growth for the performing arts for all social classes, technical I I advances such as the introduction of gaslight to theatres, burlesque, minstrel dancing, and variety I I leather. In ballet, women make great progress in the previously male-dominated art. I I Modern dance began in the late 19th century and early 20th century in response to the restrictions Of traditional ballet. I I Constantine Statisticians System revolutionized acting in the early 20th century, and continues to have a major influence on actors Of Stage and I Screen to the current day. Both impressionism and modern realism were introduced to the Stage during this period. The arrival of Sergei Dishabilles Ballets Reuses (1309-1929) revolutionized ballet and the performing arts generally throughout the Western world, I most importantly through Dishabilles emphasis on collaboration, which brought choreographers, dancers, set designers/ artists, composers and I musicians together to revivalist and revolutionist ballet. I I With the invention of the motion picture in the late 19th century by Thomas Edison, and the growth of the motion picture industry in Hollywood in Ethel I early 20th century, film became a dominant performance medium throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. AP Physics Atwood Machine Lab EssayThe rods attached I at the necks to facilitate the use of multiple heads with one body. When the heads were not being used, I I they were stored in a muslin book or fabric lined box. The heads were always removed at night. This was I keeping with the old superstition that if left intact, the puppets would come to life at night, Some I I puppeteers went so tar as to store the heads in one book and the bodies in another, to tether reduce I I the possibility of reanimating puppets. Shadow puppetry is said to have reached its highest point of I I artistic development in the 11th century before becoming a tool of the government. I c. Sung Dynasty, there were many popular plays involving acrobatics and music. I I These developed in the Yuan Dynasty into a more sophisticated form with a four or five act structure. Yuan drama spread across China and diversified into numerous regional forms, the best known of which is I Beijing Opera, Which is still popular today. Thailand In Thailand, it has been a tradition from the Middle Ages to stage plays based on plots [pick Drawn from Indian epics. In particular, the theatrical version of Thailand national I I epic Ramekin, a version of the Indian Ramadan, remains popular in Thailand even today. I I Ramekin Glory f Ram is Thailand national epic, derived from I I the Hindu epic Ramadan, The word is derived from Sanskrit word Ramadan (Ram + Khan) where Khan means a long story or epic, Cambodia Len Cambodia, at the ancient capital Angora Watt, stories from the Indian epics Ramadan and I Epic] I Inhabitant have been carved on the walls of temples and palaces. Similar reliefs are found I Japan lat Bourbon in Indonesia. I Theatre form is the superb Japanese dramatic art representation, and maybe also the one that [pick Gathers the most aspects Of it. Kabuki is hard to categorize because it shares both opera and I (pick Ballet elements. Figurative or literal translation of Kabuki could be dance and singing I Kabuki I Discipline. I AS an interesting fact, it can be outlined that Kabuki nowadays is only represented by male locators, female parts of a play are also played by men dressed as women, but this has not always I Been the same: from the beginnings of kabuki until 1629, there were actresses, women in plays, In I latish date women were banned from appearing in kabuki theater once the government discovered that of them were working as prostitutes outside the stage; the government was many afraid that the I I actresses incited public moral decadence, but later on, some young actors were brought into this I I I kind of activities. I I Nowadays there are special representations where women are allowed to take part in a kabuki play. Actors that play female parts are called onstage. I Male I I On the other hand, Non theater has religious origins. Nobility in those days required esoteric I I poetry. Refined language and movement simplicity without losing glamour I Non Around 1338 Non theater became from being a popular amusement into a complex form of drama. I It is difficult to describe a Non theater play, but there are some translations. Shaggy I I Yashmaks, Hostilitys grandson, who became Shogun in 1449, benefit art in general, Non theater I I bet »even them. Non representation had been transformed by the previous shogun Shaggy into a I I refined and slender amusement, came from popular singing and dancing representations in Hein eagle I I or even before that. I I Presented in a simple stage oviduct any special scenery, play used to be, as it is today, a I I historic romance in which drum music and dance with flutes, beautiful dresses, poetic dialogs and I symbolic pantomime were combined. I Bunker is the traditional puppet theater. Without exception, each play is presented with I puppets manipulated by handy dressed in black artists, even their faces are covered with a I [pick I Semi-transparent black veil. Apparently puppets were already famous in Japan since the XVII Bunker I I century, when traveling actors coming from China and Korea wandered across the country With half I religious representations. Nevertheless, what is now known as bunker, wasnt formed until XVI I land XVII centuries, when narrators joined actors and samisen (a kind of banjo) accompanying. I I Abundant, despite what it can appear, its more likely an adult theater for the kind of plot it SSL I I built on, talks about very deep subjects as in William Shakespeare play: love, rejection, revenge, sacrifice, reincarnation, etc. I I Three artists give life to each puppet, this requires lots of coordination and audience must not sense the artist most of the time. I I The approximate size of a puppet sis third part off human. Narrators are called giddy and I I Lethe play a very important role, gesticulate, moan and sob in the left side Of the stage to give I Life to the plays representation. Philippine Performing Arts Philippine Theatre Arts I Theatre comes from a Greek word theatres and it is a branch of performing arts that deals with l lactating, singing and dancing on stage to present a story dramatically.

Blue Nile vs. Szul Essay Example

Blue Nile vs. Szul Essay History Both of the two company are internet-base. Blue Nile is the largest online jewelry retailer, and it offer consumers high quality products at compelling values. Szul is one of the first online jewelers, and it brings fine jewelry to the public at exceptional prices. Blue Nile The homepage is organized in a very straightforward, clean, easy to understand layout. Across the top of the home page, you are provided with quick links to Engagement, Jewelry, and Gift Ideas. They also provide education links to let the customers learn knowledge about diamonds and other jewelry.Blue Nile is doing business over the world, so customers from different countries can select their location and languages to visit the website. In the products page when I simply clicked diamond rings, and you can further refine your selection by type, metal, materials or price. When your mouse hovers over the item, the details will show right beside it, it’s very convenient for customers to get to know th eir products. To see more details, Blue Nile also provide a picture of a virtual hand to see how the ring looks like when you put it on.You also can share the ring via different kinds of social media, and next is customer reviews for the ring. Szul The homepage is also straightforward and easy to navigate. Szul also provide one day deal with a very attractive price to appeal customers. It’s time-limited and most are 85-90% off. Clearly, Szul has a very competitive price over its products in the jewelry market. See its diamond rings, you also can narrow your selection by types or price in Szul’s product page.A visible style selection, like fashion ring, three-stone ring are placed at the very top. Big deal products are provided in the products list to stimulate the consumer buying. Szul has big pictures to show details of the ring, and you can share the ring via facebook and twitter as well. Szul has reviews for its products, but the reviews are not written for a specif ic ring and it’s not very useful to read the reviews. Customization Both of the two companies have custom diamond jewelry and both of them have a very wide loose diamond selection.But Blue Nile has more options than Szul, like three-stone ring, five-stone ring, and it encourage the customers to build their own rings because they put ‘build your own’ banner everywhere on their website. Traffic Rank The number here means that there are nearly 13,000 sites with a better traffic rank than Bluenile. We know that Blue Nile is a large listed company and Szul is a relatively small and private company, so Blue Nile definitely has a much better rank and is more valuable than Szul, Time on site These charts mean how much time a user spent on a website.Time on Blue Nile is relatively stable and is around 4 minutes, and time on Szul decreased from 6 min in June to 1 min now. Daily pageviews per user Another data here shows the daily pageviews per user, which means how many pa ges a user visiting in a day, it is also very stable and nearly 4 pages are viewed in Blue Nile, but the number in Szul has been decreasing since June, and people just view 1 or 2 pages then leave the site. Social Media Compare the two Facebook pages of this two companies, there are a big difference in it.Blue Nile has a lot of interactions on it, and it posted the picture of a ring bought by its customers, but Szul seems like there is nothing on it, it just doesn’t pay any attention to it. Mobile Blue Nile app is the essential interactive suite for anyone getting engaged. Customers can select or build their own rings, check out and purchase items, and share rings and jewelry through Email and Facebook on their iPhones. Szul doesn’t have its own app so far. In conclusion Features of Blue Nile are classic and quality and Szul’s are Style and Price.Major customers in Blue Nile have middle to high income and going to have an engagement, and they have high loyalty. Major customer in Szul has low to middle income, and they are younger and more fashionable. Blue Nile has a very consumer-focused approach to everything they do, like the educational materials to explain the diamond quality. It has well reputation and is doing global business, and it provide good customer experience, and it’s active in social media. Szul Offers low price by controlling supply chain, and it provides more types of jewelry and accessories like watches, tie accessories, and it has great potential to grow.Recommendations Blue Nile is facing a problem of their cost, so it should control the supply chain to increase its profit. It should promote product variety, not only focus on the rings. More payment method should be provided to international buyers. Szul should raise its brand awareness. It needs more advertising to appeal new and potential customers. It should improve the customer service to hold the current customers, and it should have more interaction with c ustomers in social media which is essential to internet-based companies.

Opposing Genetically Modified Organisms Essays - Molecular Biology

Opposing Genetically Modified Organisms Essays - Molecular Biology Opposing Genetically Modified Organisms As a result of biotechnology and its wake of controversy that follows, a number or organizations have voiced their concerns toward the corporate driven discipline. As a product of biotechnologies carelessness, or motives, activist groups have risen throughout the world opposing the novelty of genetically modified organisms. The intent of biotech companies is to market and eventually sell these innovations, eventually increasing their profits and stock prices so new products can be funded while the shareholders line their pockets. Opposing organizations which see biotechnologies incentives as a danger to society and the many other life forms that exist on our planet interrupts such a process. Greenpeace is perhaps the biggest organization in opposition to genetically modified organisms. Greenpeace is an international environmental organization which fights to help protect and restore the environment. It is currently involved in a number of areas including; climate, toxics, nuclear, oceans, ocean dumping, forests and the somewhat novel area of genetic engineering. According to Greenpeace, genetically modified organisms must not be released in the environment, as the consequences for the environment and evolution are unpredictable and irreversible (Greenpeace, 2000). Once released, the new living organisms made by genetic engineering are able to interact with other forms of life, reproduce, transfer their characteristics and mutate in response to environmental influences. In most cases they can never be recalled or contained. Any mistakes or undesirable consequences could be passed on to all future generations of life. Greenpeace addresses facts like these on their website, adding that the introduction of foreign species is a major cause of ecological disruption and erosion of biodiversity. For example, in the United States alone, 42% of the species on the threatened or endangered species list are at risk primarily because of non-indigenous species costing the US economy an estimated $123 billion a year (Greenpeace, 2000). Other activist organizations take a similar stand. Another outspoken group opposing genetically modified organisms is the Sierra Club of Canada. The Sierra Club has been active in Canada since 1969, working on matters of public policy and environmental awareness. They also have local chapters and working groups in every region of the country. With their new, Welcome to the Safe Food / Sustainable Agriculture Campaign, the Sierra Club is informing the public on the dangers of genetic engineering. They have started this campaign by distributing information packets and by making frequent visits to grocery stores notifying the public of engineered products which rest on the shelves. With their in-your-face type of opposition, groups such as the Campaign for Food Safety and Family Farm Defenders speak out against genetic engineering. With its growing concerns on plants and animals other organizations branch off and concentrate on specific areas, such as the Environmental Defence Fund and The American Humane Society (Boyens, 2000). These organizations strive to address biotechnology from different, but interrelated perspectives in terms of environmental, health and animal consideration. Organizations such as these rely on their

Moot Skeleton Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moot Skeleton Argument - Essay Example The respondent argued that there were significant investment risks due to the financial crisis of 2007 thus limiting investment opportunities. In the second trust was an investment portfolio held in trust by the Barclays Bank for Betty Twix and her mother, Christie. The initial fund was $20,000 that the trustee invested in potato markets. The current value of the investment is $22,000. Betty contested the return on investment arguing that the trustee could have invested in wine markets. According to Betty, the trustee took into account non-financial considerations in choosing not to make such a decision. In such an argument, Betty knew that her grandparents were opposed to alcohol consumption. This was especially important because the bank manager was aware that her grandfather was a man of abstinence. With these arguments, Betty held that the breach resulted to a loss of $1,000. The trustee (respondent) argued that the wine market looked as profitable as the potato market at the tim e of taking that investment decision. The trustee learnt later that the wine markets were performing better than the potatoes market. More importantly, the trustee pointed out a clause that stated that â€Å"the trustee shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever that may occur with respect to the portfolio investment hereby settled unless such a loss or damage shall be cause by trustees own fraud†. In response, Betty Twix argued that the clause was invalid since it was widely drafted and thus could not exclude liability for breach of duties of care or the duty to not to take into account non-financial considerations. In the first instance ruling, Judge McIntyre ruled that the Barclays Bank breached its fist duty of no to have regard to non-financial considerations. Barclays was ordered to pay $1,000 to compensate the loss to the second trust. Skeleton Argument on Behalf of the Defendant (Betty Twix) For trustees to act within the law, they should act within their c lient’s power to invest and select appropriate investments. Before making investment decisions, trustees usually take into account various risk implications. The trustee has the following duties:1 Duty to administer Trust by its terms Duty of skill and care Duty to give notices Duty to account Duty to communicate and furnish information Duty not to neglect Duty of loyalty Duty to avoid conflict of interest Duty of confidentiality The general operating principle in most cases requires the following: i. If governing instrument indicates the need for an action, the trustee may take it f it is fair to the beneficiary, or ii. If an action is lawful, the trustee may take it if the instrument fails to offer sufficient specificity With these facts, it s clear that the Barclays Bank was duty bound to diversify the trust investments on behalf of the beneficiaries. However, the trustee is not a guarantor of the principle and income of the trust but must act in accordance with fiduciary responsibilities. The Barclays Bank did not demonstrate sufficient faithfulness in the performance of its duties, particularly in selecting the potato market over the wine market. The trustee bears personal liability because it took into consideration nonfinancial factors in making such an investment decision.2 Furthermore, the bank acted in mistrust and failed to take into consideration

State, Market and Social Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

State, Market and Social Policy - Essay Example At most of part of this paper is the provision of the answer to the question on whether we should be concerned on market failure or government failure. There are inefficiencies brought about by monopolies. One in which is that they can get away with imposing higher non-pecuniary (non-financial) costs on buyers (Lewis and Widerquist 2001). For instance, assuming a small local market for counseling had just one provider of psychotherapy. Clients who went to this provider's office might have to spend long periods in waiting areas. This would have been the time that the clients could have spent engaging in other valuable activities; as a result their waiting time would be a cost. The therapist might be able to do some things to lessen clients' waits, other than as a monopolist, the therapist faces no viable demands to do any of them. In response to this, Lewis and Widerquist (2001) assert that a government has three things it can do to lessen and improve the inefficiency caused by monopolies. First, it can attempt to promote competition in monopolistic markets through breaking up monopolies or by avoiding them from forming. This is the reason why the United States has antitrust laws. Antitrust laws limit mergers (the joining together of firms in order to create bigger firms) between firms that sell goods in the same market. Moreover, antitrust laws also limit price-fixing between firms in the same market through preventing competing firms from performing as if they were monopolists. Evidently, the U.S. government utilized antitrust laws to break up American Telephone and Telegraph's monopoly on long-distance phone service, and the Justice Department has taken Microsoft to court. Second, governments have the power to decide whether to permit the monopoly to survive but regulate its price. As an application and realization, the U.S. government has employed this solution for phone companies and electricity companies, and local governments on occasion use it for cable television. This preference is frequently used for industries that are supposed to be natural monopolies. For the reason that a group of smaller firms would have a higher cost than one large firm would, breaching up a natural monopoly would not work very well. On the other hand, leaving the natural monopolist alone generally is not a good suggestion since natural monopolies have the same aspiration to get the most out of profit as any other firm, subsequently they will increase prices higher than costs and have the tendency to raise prices well above costs. For instance, one may think that his/her water bill is high now, but how high would your bill have to go before you seriously considered drilli ng a well You would probably let it go quite high (as cited in Lewis and Widerquist 2001). Therefore, if the water company were an unregulated monopolist, it could get away with a very high price. It is not easy for government to determine the right price to tolerate a natural monopolist to charge, and firms that face a regulated price have efficiency problems, but regulation may be the best solution, basing on the options. Lastly, the government may perhaps plainly take the monopoly over and run it itself. The U.S. government

Why Do We Need To Eat Healthy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Do We Need To Eat Healthy - Essay Example Healthy eating does not in any way mean any sort of diet; it actually refers to the proper intake of healthy foods like meat, vegetables, fruits, and nuts, whole grains etc in balanced proportions. All these will provide us with the required amount of carbohydrates, fats and vitamins and minerals and never induce any health problem when taken moderately. Firstly, there is a need to eat healthy to avoid serious diseases. Regardless of the age, healthy eating habits have a crucial impact on our health. Long standing studies have established a definite link between diet and cardiovascular diseases. Cases of coronary heart disease are on the rise and the cardiovascular morbidity figures are staggering. Studies have made it clear the high amount of fat intake, particularly LDL or low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, increases the chances of developing coronary diseases like atherosclerosis. On the other hand a diet that provides you with a good amount of HDL can help decrease the ch olesterol levels in the body. High fiber grains can help lower chances of heart disease and type 2 diabetes ( F.B Hu and Willet, 2002).Decrease in cholesterol levels itself has a lot of good impact on the body- chances of CVD (cardio vascular diseases) are lowered, blood sugar and hyper tension problems are also controlled. Dietary fat also increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer like breast cancer, esophageal, stomach and prostate cancer and has been supported by animal studies too. Most forms of cancers, have been linked to obesity and lack of proper nutrition and according to the National Cancer Institute, most of these cancer forms are preventable. Immunity is one of the basic tools for survival. Humans are immune to many pathogens simply because of the presence of white blood cells like NK cells in the body, which engulf the antigen and protect the body from harm. In case human did not have this immunity barrier, they would become vulnerable to all diseases and may even die owing to even small and minor infections. The key to a strong immune system is an intake of healthy diet. Colas, pizzas, burgers do not increase immunity in anyway. But intake of healthy foods like vegetables and fruits provides beta-carotene which in turn strengthens the body. In recent studies cancer experts have also found out that healthy eating and strong immunity also prevent development of certain cancers. There are a number of diseases that are caused due to nutritional deficiencies. Nutritional deficiencies occur when proper balanced food is not ingested. Beriberi, pellagra, scurvy, rickets, Ariboflavinosis, Skin diseases, Hypocobalaminemia, Paraesthesia and night blindness are some of the diseases related to vitamin deficiency. Painful chronic Gouty arthritis is another dreadful disease caused by bad eating habits. Deficiency of essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium etc leads to diseases. If proper healthy habits are not developed a person will from health problems Scientific studies have shown that our mental health also depends on dietary factors. Minor depression, major depression, psychotic depression, traumatic disorders, stress disorders, compulsive behaviors, and anxiety are some of the mental problems that haunt a person. Though most of these diseases depend on genetic, biological and psychological factors but studies have determined that foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids ,release serotonins in the brain which in turn elevates mood.

Is There Difference Between True And False Philosophy Essay

Is There Difference Between True And False Philosophy Essay The distinction between truth and false is often perceived as an easy distinction to make, like a yes or no question. If you lie about something for example, then what you are saying is false, if you tell the truth then it is true. This is one of many misconceptions in life; the complexity behind the absolute distinction between truths and falsities is immense. How can an idea be judged to be true or false? One might say that a correct fact is true and an incorrect statement is false though the answer varies depending on the area of knowledge from which the statement is perceived. However, in order for there to be an absolute distinction there must be an absolute truth. In this essay I will question the existence of an absolute truth in order to determine whether or not there is an absolute distinction between what is true and what is false. In order to answer the topic question one must first seek to define certain terms/parts of the question the first of which is true. What is truth? Different sources attempt to answer this question in different ways. The big dictionary in Ms. Thorntons room defines it as anything that is public and independent of anyones belief; Merriam Websters English dictionary as something eternal that is in accordance with fact or reality; Dicitonary.com believes it is a judgment or proposition; Michael Woolman, in his book Ways of Knowing, believes it is something that is logically necessary. The struggle to accurately define truth is partially due to the fact that we are unable to determine whether or not truth is relative. The second term we must define is false. Merriam Webster believes that something that is false is nor genuine, nor faithful, nor loyal and is also lacking in naturalness and sincerity. Dictionary.com defines a falsity as a declaration of what is untrue and perhaps treacherou s. Lastly, we must define absolute which is perhaps a more concrete word than the preceding two; however it is significant to this paper to define it. Absolute refers to having no exception, restriction or qualification. In order for there to be an absolute truth, there must be proof. In order to prove an absolute truth, one must have a system of proof with which one can deduce the truths validity in every single situation and under every singly condition in eternity. An absolute truth must be true for all eternity. It must also remain unchanged forever and since we cannot determine whether this is true, and therefore any claim of absolute truth is ridiculous. Some might argue however that by making this statement, I am making an absolute claim. This is however false because there is a possible circumstance under which this claim could not have existed before people could reason. According to hubpages.com The propositional statement: There are no absolutes, is definitely not syntactically absolute, and not absolute in any real cognitive sense. It is a fact, that truth is not an object and does not exist without a mind, and hence impossible to be eternal. It is a fact, that truth is bound within the d omain of concepts, and hence impossible to be eternal. It is a fact, that anything claimed as eternal, cannot be proven to be the case, because eternity does not exist in order to be used in the construction of any logically deductive proof. It is a fact, that no claim of truth for anything absolute, can be proven to be true by any stretch of the imagination. In math however we have a set of rules that can define an absolute truth. According to Adam Richards, who holds a degree in philosophy from Oxford, in mathematics we can define an absolute truth or falsity because we precisely define the rules of mathematics. In reality, we need to measure what we want to know, and since these measurements can never be exact enough, an absolute truth cannot exist. How true or false something is depends on how accurate our measurements were but in the purely deductive world of mathematics, we can define exactly true/false statements. I do not fully agree with Richards because I dont believe that everything in life is a mere calculation however I second his reason for the presence of absolute truths in mathematics. Outside of math any claim of an absolute truth is one that is either based on religious beliefs or is related to religion in one way or another. This is because they are claimed to be given by god. It is safe to say that everyone will agree with the fact that an absolute truth mandates a god due to the fact that it must be eternally true. Without a god there would be no absolute truth because there would be no eternity in the claim. To discredit theses claims, even though most of the words of god we know today have not been changed, we cannot prove that they will remain unchanged eternally. All bibles and scriptures have undergone changes and revisions by humans who have tailored them to suit their tastes. Humans are not absolute, and have no system for preventing change to anything that is supposedly absolute (hubpages.com). In conclusion, there is no absolute truth due to our inability to prove a claim eternally, and therefore no absolute distinction between what is true and what is false. Something that is not true is automatically false because there is no third option. If it is partially true or partially false than one can say that it has a true claim and a false claim however it is still classified as either true or false.

Herbert George Wells :: essays papers

Herbert George Wells One of the most prolific writers of his time, H.G. ( Herbert George) Wells was able to do it all. He was universal, and could write from many different sides. He was one of the most versitile writers, as he could write like a novelist, as in the The History of Mr. Polly. He could also write short stories, like The Star, or The Door In The Wall. He was also considered to be a visionary and a dreamer, as shown throughout A Modern Utopia, and Men Like Gods. What Wells was most famous for was his ability to be a scientific romancer. His novels, The Time Machine, The War of The Worlds, and The Invisible Man, were what he became most widely known for. All his writings, in the different genere's they were written from, truly prove he was one of the most versitile writers that ever lived. The date was September 21, 1866, and the place was 47 (now renumbered 172) High Street, Bromley, Kent, a suburb of London.. His father, Joseph Wells, and his mother, Sarah, had been married in 1853 and they had four children. An elder sister, Fanny, had died at the age of 9 two years before H.G. was born. After he was born, his family was worried that he may also die like his sister Fanny, being that he was a sort of "weakling" and struggled to not get sick most of the time. His father was a shopkeeper and a professional cricketer, and his mother served from time to time as a housekeeper at the nearby estate of Uppark. His father's business failed and the family never made it to middle-class status, so Wells was apprenticed like his brothers to a draper, spending the years between 1880 and 1883 inWindsor and Southsea as a drapeist. In 1883 Wells became a teacher/pupil at Midhurst Grammar Scool. He obtained a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in London and studied there biology under T.H. Huxley. However, his interest faltered and in 1887 he left without a degree. He taught in private schools for four years, not taking his B.S. degree until 1890. Next year he settled in London, married his cousin Isabel and continued his career as a teacher in a correspondence college. From 1893 Wells became a full-time writer. After some years Wells left Isabel for one of his brightest students, Amy Catherine, whom he married in 1895.

Employee Discipline Essay

In keeping with the Mission of the Sisters of Providence, which requires respect, honesty, and justice in dealings with employees, PSJMC directs its disciplinary and corrective action efforts towards developing and coaching employees to achieve and maintain satisfactory conduct and performance. Although PSJMC may terminate the employment relationship at will without following any formal system of discipline or warnings, PSJMC exercises its discretion to use a progressive discipline to ensure a fair method of disciplining employees. The progressive discipline process is intended to give employees advance notice, when appropriate, in order to provide them an opportunity to correct any deficiencies in job performance or conduct. PSJMC is committed to providing a workplace that is free of harassment and discrimination (PROV-HR-4036 Policy). PSJMC does not tolerate any kind of unlawful discrimination or harassment, including sexual harassment, or harassment based on race, color, religion, national origin, age, pregnancy, citizenship, ancestry, gender, marital status, veteran status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, or any other characteristic protected by state or federal law. Unlawful harassment, in any form including verbal, physical, or visual harassment will not be tolerated. The policy defines the procedure for reporting any occurrence of sexual or other unlawful harassment and applies to all employees and agents of the company as well as to nonemployees , including physicians, vendors, contractors, and others doing business with the company. Any employee or agent of the company who is found to have violated this policy will be subject to disciplinary action up to and including the possibility of immediate termination. This is an HR policy and is enforced by HR. PSJMC is committed to maintain a safe and productive work environment and expects employees to be reliable and punctual in reporting for scheduled work (PROV –HR 4687 Policy). Absenteeism and tardiness place a burden on the hospital and on other employees. In the rare circumstances when employees cannot avoid being late to work or are unable to work as scheduled, they should notify thei r supervisor as soon as possible in advance of the anticipated tardiness or absence as required by policy. Excessive absenteeism and tardiness is disruptive and may lead to corrective action, up to and including termination of employment. The policy does not apply to employees on an authorized FMLA leave, including intermittent FMLA leave, or other leaves protected by state or federal law including verified occupational injury or illness. This is an HR policy and is enforced by HR. PSJMC ensures and maintains a work environment that promotes the interests of employee safety, efficiency, health, and productivity. It also recognizes that employee involvement with drugs and alcohol can be extremely disruptive and harmful to employees, patients, and the public. It adversely affects the quality of work and the performance of employees, poses serious safety and health risks to the user and others, and has a negative impact on work efficiency and productivity. All job applicants receiving offers of employment shall be required to submit a drug-screening test as a condition of employment. Further, any employee observed with perceived impairment will be subject to a drug screening test when reasonable suspicion has been determined. The purpose of the policy is to provide a safe, healthy, productive and efficient working environment for employees, patients and the public. This is an Occupational Health and Safety policy and is enforced by HR (PROV-HR-4065 Policy). PSJMC complies with its ethical and legal obligations surrounding the appropriate use of social media. The policy aims to clarify what constitutes official Providence use of social media, to establish guidelines for the official use of electronic social networking, and to clarify the personal responsibilities and legal implications of personal use of electronic social networking while at work or while posting information about Providence (PROV-CE-1098 Policy). Social media may be used by Providence for business-related purposes and its employees for business and other purposes subject to the restrictions set forth in the policy. The policy is established to assure compliance with legal and regulatory restrictions and privacy and confidentiality agreements. This policy was created by the Office of the CEO and enforced by HR. Based off my research, PSJMC does an excellent job of ensuring that it has the appropriate policies in place to avoid legal litigation. That said, it is important that PSJMC look for more effective measures to educate employees about new or revised policies. The medical center relies on their intranet policy library as the policy depository and expects all employees to self educate. Most leaders and all of the employees I spoke to were not aware of several policies and did not know where to find them—resulting in a huge liability for the hospital as a result of poor implementation. When policies are violated or a manager needs to modify undesirable conduct after attempts of coaching, progressive discipline may need to be applied. The type of disciplinary action depends upon the nature and history of the employee’s misconduct. These disciplinary actions often include verbal warnings, written warnings, suspensions without pay, and demotions. Progressive discipline does no t mean that PSJMC does not fire an employee for a first offense; some misconduct is of such a serious nature that no second chance is warranted. Most undesirable behavior, however, does not result in immediate discharge, but rather in imposition of some lesser sanction. If the behavior is repeated, progressively more severe disciplinary action is taken, ultimately leading to termination. Managerial coaching is a growing alternative to formal discipline that attempts to get the employee actively involved in addressing performance slippage. Using company disciplinary procedures to address employee issues puts the ownership of the issue on the manager and human resources department. The employee will be asked to react to whatever course of action the manager and human resources group decides to take. A coaching approach puts ownership of the problem with the manager and employee. Any process of resolution is created between the manager and employee and it becomes the employee’s responsibility to find ways to solve the issue under the guidance of the manager. The manager-employee relationship is important in creating a productive workplace. Coaches try to work with their employees to improve employee performance and find the deep-seated reasons as to why conflict exists. This kind of interactive process can work to improve the manager-employee relationship. If a manager turns to official disciplinary action without attempting to interact with the employee, then that can damage the manager-employee dynamic and create a division that results in a decline in morale, loss of productivity and an increase in employee turnover. Union representation protects union employees from unfair discipline, wrongful discharge and preserves workplace rights. Unless circumstances warrant severe actions, PSJMC utilizes progressive discipline to address union employee disciplinary issues also. The progressive steps are specified in the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) and include, verbal counseling, written counseling, disciplinary suspensions without pay , and termination of employment. Union employees may request to have a union representative or steward present at any meeting if the employee believes that the meeting may result in disciplinary action. Copies of all written counseling(s) and all documentation are kept in the employee’s personnel file along with rebuttals. Corrective action or any reference to disciplinary action cannot be used against the employee for any purpose after twelve months—so, in essence progressive discipline has a twelve month window. If, the disciplinary action is grieved or arbitrated and the charges of the offense are determined to be without merit, all records are placed in a confidential envelope in the personnel file and cannot be used for progressive disciplinary action purposes. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a processes used for the purpose of resolving conflict or disputes informally and confidentially. The ADR Office at PSJMC offers all employees a resource that is informal, non-escalating and impartial . The goal is to identify possible strategies to resolve concerns before utilizing the traditional processes such as grievances and arbitrations. Although ADR does not displace those traditional processes it does reduce the number of grievances and formal complaints received by human resource and legal departments. Some of the ADR activities include serving as a sounding board, providing and explaining policies and rules, how to address or report unacceptable or illegal behavior from a coworker or supervisor, offering referrals to other resources, helping people help themselves around communication styles, help collect and analyze information, helping to draft a letter about their issues, coaching and role-playing. The activities handled by the ADR Office are vast and diverse. Overall, employees see this service as a benefit and the hospital executives view the ADR as a proactive measure to protect and mitigate risk. In addition to the ADR, PSJMC offers Employee Assistance Program (EAP) to assist employees with personal challenges that may affect their on the job performance. These challenges may fall into many categories including: drug and alcohol abuse, legal, marital, relocation, grief, abusive households, financial, childcare, eldercare, and outplacement services. Since all employees face serious problems at one time or another in their lives, and it is important to provide help during those times. EAP is structured to provide access to quality service providers. Participation in this plan is voluntary, and does not use information that impacts the employee’s chances of future employment or promotion. All contact, participation, and treatment remain confidential. All EAP services provided are available to employees free of charge. The cost of long-term treatment or rehabilitation services is provided as defined under the health care plans. To reduce liability requires that employers have solid policies in place, utilize coaching and progressive discipline consistently and know how to properly document disciplinary actions. The importance of effective documentation of disciplinary actions cannot be overstressed. Apply disciplinary actions is at times uncomfortable but is absolutely necessary in order to help defeat frivolous claims of discrimination and promote a healthy workplace. References Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center. (2012). Mission. Retrieved from https://california.providence.org/Saint-Joseph/pages/About-Mission.aspx Providence Health & Services. (2009). Attendance and Punctuality, PROV –HR 4687 Policy| Providence Health & Services. (2012). Counseling and Corrective Action, PROV-HR-4053 Policy Providence Health & Services. (2012). Sexual and Unlawful Harassment, PROV-HR-4036 Policy Providence Health & Services. (2012). Drug Free Workplace, PROV-HR-4065 Policy Providence Health & Services. (2012). Social Media, PROV-CE-1098 Policy